Your baby is your little miracle, flawless in every way. Yet, that small mark on their skin has caught your attention, and maybe even stirred a bit of worry. Birthmarks, those unique patches that appear on your baby’s skin, can be a source of concern for many parents. But are they something to worry about? Let’s explore the different types of birthmarks and what they mean.
The Beginning of My Concern
As someone who has spent years fretting over my own skin thanks to my fair complexion and a constellation of freckles I was no stranger to skin worries. When my first daughter was born, she had reddish patches on her forehead and the nape of her neck. Those concerns returned when my second daughter was born with a prominent mole on her thigh. Both times, our pediatrician provided the reassurance I needed. The red patches, known as salmon patches, faded over time, while the mole on my younger daughter required a photo for future comparison and a dermatologist’s evaluation.
Birthmarks: What Are They?
Dr. Sheilagh Maguiness, an expert in dermatology and pediatrics at the University of Minnesota, defines birthmarks as discolored or raised areas of skin present at birth or appearing shortly after. They’re incredibly common, though the exact number of babies born with birthmarks each year is hard to pinpoint. Emily Scott, a newborn care specialist, mentions that most babies have at least one birthmark.
Should You Worry About Your Baby’s Birthmark?
Even though birthmarks are common, they can still be a source of concern for parents. But in most cases, they’re harmless. However, it’s important to monitor them. If you notice any changes, such as irritation, bleeding, or rapid growth, it’s time to consult a dermatologist or pediatrician. Dr. Hugh Gilgoff, a pediatrician from Mount Sinai Doctors in Brooklyn Heights, emphasizes that while many birthmarks are benign, some could signify an underlying condition. If you’re unsure, it’s always wise to have your pediatrician examine the birthmark.
Exploring the Types of Baby Birthmarks
Birthmarks fall into two broad categories: vascular and pigmented.
Vascular Birthmarks
Vascular birthmarks are related to blood vessels and are caused by clusters of these vessels beneath the skin. They can vary in appearance from light pink spots to dark red patches. Here are some common types. Here are some common types:
- Infantile Hemangioma:
- These birthmarks, commonly known as “strawberry marks,” occur in approximately 5% of newborns. They’re benign and usually show up within the first few weeks of life, most commonly on the face, head, or neck. Hemangiomas can be classified into two types: superficial and deep. Superficial ones are raised, red, and bumpy, while deep ones are smoother and appear blue or purple. Most hemangiomas start fading around six months of age and significantly improve by age five, often disappearing by the time the child is 10.
- In uncommon instances, large hemangiomas can obstruct vision or breathing and may develop ulcers or bleed. But even in these cases, they’re manageable with early treatment. Propranolol, a beta blocker, is the first line of treatment, taken orally twice daily. Surgery is rarely necessary but might be considered for leftover stretched skin or scar tissue.
- Capillary Malformation (Port Wine Stains):
- These dark-red, flat birthmarks occur in about 1 in 300 newborns and are larger than other types. They are usually found on the face, arms, or legs and, unlike salmon patches, don’t fade over time. While they’re not typically harmful, they may require regular check-ups with a dermatologist to monitor any changes. For cosmetic reasons, some parents opt for early laser therapy, which can lighten the stain but won’t remove it entirely. Rarely, port wine stains can be linked to genetic syndromes, so a thorough examination by a doctor is essential, especially if they’re located on the eyelid or forehead.
- Nevus Simplex (Salmon Patches):
- Often called “stork bites” if they’re on the neck or “angel kisses” if they’re on the face, these pink or red, flat patches are quite frequent, occurring in roughly 80% of newborns. They may darken when your baby cries but usually fade by the time your child turns two and aren’t a cause for concern.
Pigmented Birthmarks
These birthmarks result from extra pigment in the skin and can vary in color from light brown to dark blue. Here are the common types:
- Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spots):
- Commonly found on the back or bottom, these dark blue birthmarks often look like bruises and are more frequent in babies with darker skin tones. While they can be large, they usually fade over time, often disappearing by the time the child starts school. Mongolian spots typically don’t require any treatment.
- Congenital Nevi (Moles):
- About 1% of babies are born with moles, known as congenital nevi. They appear as small, dark spots that can be flat or bumpy. Small moles (under half an inch) are typically harmless but should be monitored for changes as the child grows. Larger moles (over an inch) should be evaluated by a pediatric dermatologist because they carry a higher risk of developing skin cancer over time. Most congenital nevi are benign, but removal can be considered for cosmetic reasons or if multiple moles are present, as this might indicate a need for further evaluation.
- Café au Lait Macules:
- These flat spots, with their light-brown hue, are reminiscent of the color of “coffee with milk,” which is how they got their name. They appear in about 20% of newborns and are usually nothing to worry about. However, if a child has five or more of these spots, they should be checked by a specialist for genetic conditions like Neurofibromatosis type I, which can cause tumors under the skin.
Final Thoughts
Birthmarks, while sometimes alarming, are usually harmless and a natural part of your baby’s unique identity. However, keeping an eye on them and consulting with your pediatrician when necessary ensures that your baby stays healthy and happy. Remember, your child’s skin tells a story, and these little marks are just one chapter in their beautiful journey.
